Cub Foods Essay

In general it is characterized with low prices, tables of samples and high discounts. While the following marketing tactics were used by Cub Foods to increase probability of purchases: 1. Promotional – Price Deals: At the entry aisle, called a â€Å"power alley† is lined 2 stories high with specials, such as coffee bean $2 and half priced apple juice. 2. Physical evidence effect on cognitive: Ceiling joists and girders are exposed giving the feeling of spaciousness up there, it suggests there’s massive buying going on, translates in a shoppers mind that there’s tremendous savings going on. 3. Purchase Quantity: The shopping carts are wider than usual to encourage expansive buying, and that fit through the wide aisles to easily reach high profit impulse foods. 4. Purchase Location: Another tactic, that deli comes before fresh meat because Cub wants shopper to do the impulse buying before their budgets are depleted on essentials. 5. Packaged clean grocery was of low prices (by controlling the cost and high volume sales) and exceptionally high quality for products and meats. 6. Maps to guide shoppers, even without maps they would be lead by the arrangement of aisles. What accounts for Cub’s success in generating such large sales per customer and per store? 1. They properly identify their segment of customers and focus on its segment which is a family of 4-5 individuals with adult ages 24 – 40 years. 2. Proper positioning as low cost leadership, vast selection & good quality. The customers can found everything they need under one roof and cheaper than its competitors. 3. Their customers buy in volume and spend 4 times the supermarket average per shopping trip. 4. Relies on the word of mouth cuts on ad budgets by 25% less than other chains. 5. Pricing: 6 points less than most conventional stores. Given Cub’s lower prices, quality merchandise, excellent location and superior assortment, offer reasons why many consumers in its trading areas refuse to shop there. 1. The overwhelming displays could be confusing for some customers. 2. The misconception of low prices reflecting lower quality. 3. Could be of different targeted segment i.e. single that do not need volume purchases

Women in “Merchant of Venice” Essay

In Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, there are many controversies over religion and friendship, but the idea of the play that interested me the most was the role of women. The two women that are in this play take on the role of the saviors of the men who seem helpless and hopeless compared to them. Influences of the Radical Feminist Perspective in The Merchant of Venice Angela Caravella 2006 The role that women play within many Shakespearian plays often highlights their perseverance, strength, and intelligence. This perhaps indicates the playwright’s understanding that women should be on equal ground with men. However, the conclusion of his works lead to the powerful, independent woman settling back into society with her husband. Within the play The Merchant of Venice, the female characters achieve amazing deeds to â€Å"clean up† the messes that their husbands had made and achieve their own goals, only to return to their subordinate positions as wives. Portia, Nerissa and Jessica’s assumption of the male form to move unnoticed between Belmont and Venice allowed them a glimpse into the world of feministic ideals. In later scenes, when Portia and Nerissa push the boundaries of their disguise, they specifically emphasize the nature of radical feminism. The altering of Portia, Nerissa, and Jessica’s gender to suit the society of Venice is a direc t spat in the face of the patriarchy within the environment of The Merchant of Venice. Unfortunately, the overarching ideals of the world at this time are able to recapture their stranglehold on Jessica, Portia, and Nerissa. The construct of feminism is based upon the woman’s struggle in society for social, political, and economic equality with men. Feminism seeks to eliminate the notion of sexism, which is the degradation, oppression, and subordination of women (http://www.feministissues.com/radical_feminism.html). Feminism possesses many subcategories that focus on specific areas within the sphere of women’s inequality tin conjunction to men. One sub category, radical feminism, concerns itself with the idea that society is influenced by a male dominated or patriarchal hierarchy. Under this school of thought, the patriarchy can be described as â€Å"the division of rights, privileges and power primarily by gender, as a result of oppressing women and privileging men. A radical feminist essentially believes that they are oppressed on the single ideal that the gender of a woman is inferior and it can be considered that to alter one’s gender would be a radical feminist activity. The method in which the patriarchy is exercised upon women exists in physical and psychological forms through the physical action of deeds invariably leads to the psychological acceptance of the female’s role as subordinate. Women must adhere to several physical standards that obey the guidelines that determine the feminine form. They must be of the desirable body type, with small and graceful movements confined within an invisible enclosed space that is modestly dressed and eyes cast downward (Bartky, 67-69). Conversely, men with regards to space, take up as much of an area as possible that he influences unlike a woman who tends to be a victim of her environment. A woman who does not conform to such stringent standards is often termed by society as a â€Å"lo ose† woman or bad influence. This type of woman has already been accounted for under the patriarchal system. She is of less stature than women who adhere to the proper code of conduct and society has marker her for disgrace: â€Å"Her looseness is manifest not only in her morals, but in her manner of speech, and literally in the free and easy way she moves† (68). Eye contact is another physical action in which the proper woman makes little of so as to not challenge the man to whom she converses with. The loose woman again is seen as a threat to social norms because she looks at whatever and whomever she solicits her attention (68). When an action has been performed by the woman to displease a man a great deal of suffering ensues. The man himself may deny intimacy if he is unsatisfied with a female’s performance but the woman too punishes herself for having defiled the expectations placed on her by the patriarchy. â€Å"The depth of [these] women’s shame is a measure of the extent to which all women have internalized patriarchal standards of bodily acceptability† (77). Since women have made patriarchal values part of their inner psychological being, it is difficult to not feel the ramifications of feministic practices within one’s self. Within the play, The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, the three female characters: Jessica, Portia and Nerissa’s experience with differing levels of the influence of the patriarchy upon their radical fem inist actions taken throughout the play. The radical feminist perspective  has a focus on gender inequality, so to defy traditional societal norms of gender; for example, cross-dressing might be a physical action that a woman could perform as a method of control, empowerment and activism to promote this ideal. The female characters Jessica, Nerissa and Portia all engage in cross-dressing however, each woman uses this activity to achieve different aims as well as possess varying opinions regarding its use. Within Act II Scene 6 of the play, Jessica assumes the form of a man so that she may escape from her father’s grasp and elope with Lorenzo. I am glad ’tis night, you do not look on me, For I am much ashamed of my exchange. But love is blind, and lovers cannot see ,The pretty follies that themselves commit For if they could, Cupid himself would blush To see me transformed to a boy†¦ What, must I hold a candle to my shames? They in themselves, good sooth, are too too light. Why, ’tis an office of discovery, love, And I should be obscured (Shakespeare, 2.6, 36-40,42-44). Jessica is embarrassed by the disguise of a page to flee which exemplifies how tight the patriarchal ideals are bound to her personality. She is almost unable to save herself and exercise her own will when she realizes that she must pretend to be a man. When Portia and Nerissa cross-dress, the opinion is quite different or at least not indicated by Shakespeare. When we are both accounted like y oung men, I’ll prove the prettier fellow of the two, And wear my dagger with the braver grace, And speak between the change of man and boy With reed voice; and turn two mincing steps ,Into a manly stride; and speak of frays Like a fine bragging youth; and tell quaint lies, How honourable ladies sought my love, Which I denying, they fell sick and died-†¦(3.4,63-71). These characters â€Å"neatly solve a knotty legal problem† for Antonio and Bassanio under the guise of male lawyers (Jardine, 30). In their form they are able to manipulate the course of action within the courtroom as well as outside it by attracting ladies’ attention and convincing Bassanio and Gratiano to give up Portia and Nerissa’s rings. By defying their genders to enter into the male-dominated society in Venice they enact the essence of radical feminism. Portia and Nerissa do not hold shame for their actions that could be an indication of their lack of concern for patriarchal values but also an interest in saving the life of Antonio because he has a deep relationship with Bassanio. The most powerful point of Portia and Nerissa’s  activity as lawyers in Venice is that they are able to move undetected in society and achieve their goals. This activity deconstructs the male hierarchy because they achieve more than what Bassanio, Antonio or Shylock cou ld accomplish within the courtroom. As men these women were capable of accomplishing astonishing deeds since they were out of the realm of low expectations placed on women. To further strengthen the radical feminist philosophy, Portia and Nerissa are able to obtain power over the men so as to adjust the gender imbalance while not shrouded under the garb worn by men as well. â€Å"Portia’s clothes effect no metamorphosis on her spirit, the lawyer was never a lady, although the lady is always something of a lawyer (Dusinberre, 267-268). While Belmont can be considered more liberal in regards to women’s equality there is at lease one decree that remains steadfast, Portia’s marriage as determined from the casket test. Portias father’s power over his daughter even in death is a testament to the control men have in the affairs of women, as though they were property and not human beings. According to her father’s will, Portia’s husband will be the man who chooses the correct casket that contains a picture of Portia. â€Å"Oh, me, the word, â€Å"choose†! I may neither choose who I would nor refuse who I dislike; so is the will of a living daughter curbed by the will of a dead father† (Shakespeare,1.2,22-24). While the casket selection appears to be a strict stipulation, the clever Portia deciphers a method in which she can still have an influence upon the man that she marries. Portia â€Å"accepts† the fact that she must marry Bassanio after he selects the lead cask et as the fulfillment of her father’s desires. She was able to tip the scales of the decision-making process in her favor so that she could choose her husband by discreetly providing clues to indicate the correct casket. â€Å"Let music sound while he doth make his choice†¦Let us all ring fancy’s knell I’ll begin it- Ding, Dong, bell. Ding, Dong, bell† (3.2, 43, 69-71). Superficially, the situation relates to the overarching patriarchy and its strength; Portia however, acts to work against the oppressive contract she is bound to and chart the course of the selection of her husband (Dusinberre, 85). In addition to the creation of an equilibrium over her destiny by means of manipulation of her father’s will, both Portia and Nerissa are able to exercise some means of assurance that they will keep their husbands with the ring test. The concept of loyalty of the men towards the women embodied  within a ring serves as a form of commitment and gives the full right to end at the engagement of marriage should such a keepsake be misplaced. The promise Bassanio and Gratiano make to Portia and Nerissa respectively regarding the rings as strong a contract for the women as a legal bond similar to Shylock and Antonio’s agreement (Phialas, 145). When Portia and Nerissa call attention to the loss of the rings to Bassanio and Gratiano, they show signs of distraught and anger so much as to deny them their love. This exercises the feministic perspective because they are able to use as much discretion a man could in the gaining and subsequent dismissal of their fiancà ©s. Feministic values are highly prominent in the play The Merchant of Venice, especially those including the radical feminist concept of a patriarchal society. The female characters were able to utilize the activity of cross-dressing to carry out the bu siness they needed so that their lives might be more bearable while under the control of men within society. Not all of the characters felt empowered by their action to become men, a sense of shame accompanied Jessica during her course as a man. Portia and Nerissa were able to humble their future husbands to provide an equal ground for both couples with the ring test. Portia also even made it possible to guide the husband selection decision to suit her interests. The constant varying tension between the male and female characters in their struggle for dominance over the other indicates that Shakespeare had a deep and profound knowledge of the dynamic between men and women. Portia is the heroine of William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. A rich, beautiful, and intelligent heiress, she is bound by the lottery set forth in her father’s will, which gives potential suitors the chance to choose between three caskets composed of gold, silver and lead. If they choose the right casket – the casket containing Portia’s portrait – they win Portia’s hand in marriage. If they choose the wrong casket, they must leave and never seek another woman in marriage. Portia is glad when two suitors, one driven by greed and another by vanity, fail to choose correctly. She favours Bassanio, a young Venetian noble, but is not allowed to give him any clues to assist in his choice. Later in the play, she disguises herself a s a man, then assumes the role of a lawyer’s apprentice (named Balthazar) whereby she saves the life of Bassanio’s friend, Antonio, in court. Portia is one of the most prominent and appealing of the heroines in Shakespeare’s mature  romantic comedies. She is beautiful, gracious, rich, intelligent, and quick-witted, with high standards for her potential romantic partners. She obeys her father’s will, while steadfastly seeking to obtain Bassanio. She demonstrates tact to the Princes of Morocco and Aragon, who unsuccessfully seek her hand. In the court scenes, Portia finds a technicality in the bond, thereby outwitting Shylock and saving Antonio’s life when everyone else fails. Yet, she also shows immense injustice and cruelty towards the figure of Shylock and those who are sympathetic with Shylock see her as the epitome of blunt, barbaric, Christian primitivism. It is Portia who delivers one of the most famous speeches in The Merchant of Venice: Th e quality of mercy is not strain’d. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest: It blesseth him that gives and him that takes. Despite Portia’s lack of formal legal training, knowledge ,education,(give lines from text book.)she wins her case by referring to the details of the exact language of the law. Her success involves prevailing on technicalities rather than the merits of the situation. She uses the tactics of what is sometimes called a Philadelphia lawyer. However, the concept of rhetoric and its abuse is also brought to light by Portia – highlighting the idea that an unjust argument may win through eloquence, loopholes and technicalities, regardless of the moral question at hand – and thus provoking the audience to consider that issue. Portia From the first time we meet Portia, we see that she is a very smart woman and that she is looking for a man that has more thoughts in his head than those of money and beauty. She and Nerissa talk of the stupidity of all her suitors and it is very clear that she is looking for a respectable man who will love her for who she is and not for her money. This separates her from the men from the beginning. All the comments that she makes about the men put her on a pedestal compared to them. Just by speaking of men this way she shows that she is just smarter than they are. â€Å"God made him, and therefore let him pass for a man. In truth, I know it is a sin to be a mocker, but he!† (Act I. Scene ii. 56-58). The scenes in which she meets with the  suitors to choose the caskets and to see if they will marry her, she is clearly in the dominant position. She acts like she is a judge in a court and she has all authority over the suitors as they choose the different caskets and find out their fates. â€Å"Behold, there stand the caskets, noble prince. If you choose that wherein I am contained, Straight shall our nuptial rites be solemnized. But if you fail, without speech, my lord, you must be gone from hence immediately† (II.ix.4-8). She says these lines as a judge would pass down his or her sentence to the defendant found guilty of a crime. She shows herself to be of higher status to the readers and it seems a first to me because I have never read a Shakespeare play in which the women hold dominant roles over the men. Quick-witted, wealthy, and beautiful, Portia embodies the virtues that are typical of Shakespeare’s heroines—it is no surprise that she emerges as the antidote to Shylock’s malice. At the beginning of the play, however, we do not see Portia’s potential for initiative and resourcefulness, as she is a near prisoner, feeling herself absolutely bound to follow her father’s dying wishes. This opening appearance, however, proves to be a revealing introduction to Portia, who emerges as that rarest of combinations—a free spirit who abides rigidly by rules. Rather than ignoring the stipulations of her father’s will, she watches a stream of suitors pass her by, happy to see these particular suitors go, but sad that she has no choice in the matter. When Bassanio arrives, however, Portia proves herself to be highly resourceful, begging the man she loves to stay a while before picking a chest, and finding loopholes in the will’s provision th at we never thought possible. Also, in her defeat of Shylock Portia prevails by applying a more rigid standard than Shylock himself, agreeing that his contract very much entitles him to his pound of flesh, but adding that it does not allow for any loss of blood. Anybody can break the rules, but Portia’s effectiveness comes from her ability to make the law work for her. Portia rejects the stuffiness that rigid adherence to the law might otherwise suggest. In her courtroom appearance, she vigorously applies the law, but still flouts convention by appearing disguised as a man. After depriving Bassanio of his ring, she stops the prank before it goes to far, but still takes it far enough to berate Bassanio and Gratiano for their callousness, and she even insinuates that she has been unfaithful Act 3, Scene 2 Love 7: Bassanio and Portia are clearly in love with one another – they want to marry, but find themselves bound by the arbitrary rule set by her father. Portia doesn’t want to say goodbye to Bassanio forever, so he asks him to delay choosing a chest – if this is going to be the last time she ever sees Bassanio, she wants it to last as long as possible. Bassanio, on the other hand, can’t bear delaying his choice any longer. He can’t bear to live another moment not knowing if he’s going be able to marry Portia and spend the rest of his life with her.Ring: The ring Portia gives to Bassanio as a symbol of their love. He swears he will never part with it, and she uses it to test which of his loves is stronger, his love for her, or his love for his friend Antonio. Act 2 Scene 1:Persecution 3: The Prince of Morocco knows full well that the color of his skin would be an issue with anyone in Portia’s position, but begs her to take other things into consideration. He explains that there are other ways to judge him beyond the colour of his skin, and that in any of those respects, he is more than worthy. Portia says she has accepted the puzzle of the chests, and beyond that she has no interest in the color of his skin.Persecution 4: After the Prince has failed, Portia exclaims her relief that she won’t have to marry a dark-skinned man, and hopes that if any other dark people try to win her hand, they’ll fail just as the Prince had. Portia Like Antonio, Portia is an example of nobility. She is a fair-haired beauty with an immense power to attract. Her goodness and virtue enhance her beauty. Unlike Antonio, she is not passive, but displays energy and determination. In many ways, hers is the more forceful figure in the play. Her authority and control with which she deals and manipulates the circumstances of the play are exemplary. In Belmont, the terms of her father’s will leave her without any choice in her future husband, and she is saddened that she does not have an appropriate mate. As a dutiful daughter, however, she is compelled to accept her father’s wishes. Despite her dissatisfaction with her circumstances, she has a cheerful and optimistic nature. She is clever with words and wit and enjoys the opportunity of performing, both in Belmont and Venice. She uses her wonderful ability with words and her keen sense of humor to enliven the scenes in which she  appears. Her treatment of her money reflect s Bassanio’s belief that money is to be used only in the sense of helping loved ones. She proves she is unselfish and generous. Her happiness and Antonio’s meet in Bassanio. Her ideal of mercy is unselfish generosity and she shows an understanding of Christian values. As a Christian gentlewoman, she considers it her duty to show Shylock the foolishness of his exact interpretation of the law that has no mercy. She dresses as a young lawyer and goes to court to defend Antonio. Like Shylock has demanded, she strictly interprets the law and disallows the Jew from taking a drop of Antonio’s blood when he takes his pound of flesh. Since this is impossible, Shylock begs to just be given money, but Portia is unrelenting. She cites another law that states any alien who tries to take the life of a Venetian is to lose all of his money, which will be split between the state and the person who was to be killed. As a result, Shylock loses all of his wealth. Portia has cleverly tricked Shylock at his own game. Portia is the most multi-dimensional character in the play, alternating between a beautiful woman in the remote setting of Belmont and the authoritative lawyer in Venice, who orchestrates the victory of good over evil. Nerissa Character Analysis Nerissa is Portia’s woman in waiting (read: her sidekick). At the beginning of the play, she acts as a sounding board to Portia. She listens to Portia complain about her life and the unfairness of the casket contest and tells her to suck it up and be glad her father was wise enough to plan for his daughter’s future. This, of course, tells us that Nerissa is a very practical girl. Hmm. This must be why she agrees to marry Graziano if Bassanio can win Portia. Read all about it in our analysis of Graziano. she has patience says good things about her father Act 2, Scene 9 Love 6: Nerissa hopes that the god of love will bless Portia and bring Bassinio to her, since there is no other man who deserves her, and she can’t choose him. She thinks that only the devine intervention of Cupid could possibly bring Bassanio to Portia, and ensure that he chose the correct chest, that only with the help of a god could love overcome blind luck. Nerissa is Portia’s maid. She acts as a backdrop to the wit displayed by Portia. Her long association with her mistress has elevated her mannerisms and behavior to the point that she now acts as a witty and intelligent person. She, too, follows the examples set by Portia in many ways: she marries a gentleman from Venice, she follows Portia to Venice, she assumes the role of a lawyer’s clerk and she takes her ring from her lover. She is to Portia what Gratiano is to Bassanio. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..x†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.X†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Love 9: in order to give her husband a chance to prove his love, Portia tests him by demanding his wedding ring. Bassanio at first balks at the idea, h aving pledged that his wife is more important to him than anything else. Gratiano convinces him to part with the ring, though, assuring Bassanio that his wife will understand. Act 5, Scene 1 Love 10: Portia and Nerissa forgive their husbands for giving up their wedding rings, and return them. Bassanio and Gratiano pledge that no matter what happens, they won’t ever again make anything more important than their wives. Jessica:CHARACTERS Jessica Character Analysis Jessica is Shylock’s only daughter. She breaks her dad’s heart by running off to marry a Christian (Lorenzo) and helps herself to her dad’s ducats and some treasured family heirlooms. Being Shylock’s Daughter Before we dismiss Jessica as a selfish jerk who steals from and abandons her dad, we should keep in mind that life at Shylock’s house is not so great. It becomes even worse when their clown/servant Lancelot leaves: â€Å"I am sorry thou wilt leave my father so,† Jessica says to Lancelot. â€Å"Our house is hell, and thou, a merry devil, / Didst rob it of some taste of tediousness† (2.3.1). Shakespeare gives us a little taste of life at Shylock’s in Act 2, Scene 5: when Shylock and Jessica appear onstage together, Shylock barks orders at his daughter (while screaming at his servant). He demands that Jessica stay inside and â€Å"lock up [the] doors† so the sounds of music don’t drift in from the streets (2.5.5). OK, we can understand why Jessica wants to get out of Dodge, and she’s certainly not the only Shakespearean daughter to elope. But it does seem pretty cold when she trades her dead mother’s turquoise ring for a monkey after running off with Lorenzo. Her thoughtlessness devastates her father: Out upon her! Thou torturest me, Tubal: it was my turquoise; I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor: I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys. (3.1.14) Jessica’s Conversion Jessica not only runs away from her father’s house, she also converts to Christianity, and both are portrayed as acts of abandonment. When Lancelot the clown says Jessica is â€Å"damned† to hell because she’s the â€Å"Jew’s daughter,† Jessica declares â€Å"I shall be saved by my husband. He hath made me a Christian† (3.5.3). The idea here is that Jessica’s marriage to a Christian man will automatically make her a Christian too. The concept comes from 1 Corinthians 7:14 in the New Testament: â€Å"The unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband.† As literary critic Janet Adelman points out in Blood Relations, â€Å"marriage appears to occur to [Jessica] largely as a way to escape† being her father’s daughter: Alack, what heinous sin is it in me To be ashamed to be my father’s child! But though I am a daughter to his blood, I am not to his manners. O Lorenzo, If thou keep promise, I shall end this strife, Become a Christian and thy loving wife. (2.3.2) Here it becomes clear that Jessica not only hates her father’s rude â€Å"manners† but also associates Shylock’s conduct and behavior with being Jewish, which is why she can’t wait to â€Å"become a Christian.†As the daughter of Shylock, she is compelled to abandon him. The difference in their temperaments has made her circumstances intolerable. She is, although a Jew, as different from her father â€Å"as jet to ivory.† She is more at home with Christian ways than with the austerity of her father’s Jewish house. She likes Launcelot because of his capacity to introduce merriment to an otherwise gloomy household. She shows ingenuity in disguising as a pageboy to effect her elopement. Although guilty of theft and filial ingratitude in betraying her father, she shows an understanding of the moral sins that she has committed. Her drawbacks are mitigated by her loving and exuberant nature, which is similar to Portia’s vivacity and wit.

The Role of Sleep in Learning and Memory.

Students tend to overload themselves by overnight study to memorize all the study material. However, most of them do not realize that we will have a better result by an adequate sleep than having a three hour sleep before an exam to memorize all the material. This restless lifestyle will significantly reduce health level and in fact reduces our memory consolidation and opportunity to use our unconscious mind to improve the skill that we learn. This theory was first introduced by Muller and Pilzecker about 100 years ago.They made a hypothesis that memory consolidation is time dependent and require regulating from our brain cell which leads to further development in memory consolidation theory nowadays. (McGaugn, 2000. ) According to â€Å"Neurology board review: An illustrated study guide. † written by Professor Mowzoon, sleep is divided into 2 main types, which is non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). NREM sleep occur seventy five percent of our sleep and REM sleep only occur for twenty five percent of our sleep. NREM sleep can divide into 4 stages. Stage 1 happens when we are between being awake and asleep.Stage 2 occurs at the beginning of sleep; brain will produce periodic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles that can relax our body muscle and heart rate. Stage 3 and 4 take place in deep sleep. In these stages, our body tissue cultivates and repairs. Lastly, stage 5 of the sleep is involved in REM sleep where most dreaming occurs. In REM sleep, brain and other parts of our body becomes more active but muscles remain in a lessen state. (Mowzoon, 2007) A journal article â€Å"Sleep dependent memory consolidation† from Nature precisely categorizes sleep stages and memory.There are several type of memories but commonly they are divided into declarative memories which we can recall in our mind and non-declarative memory where normally used without conscious. The term memory consolidation is referring to memory stabilizat ion, where memories become more resistible to interference. Several studies show that certain memories are consolidation through REM sleep as complex cognitive procedural learning take place. Procedural memory and spatial memory are greatly improved in REM sleep, where both these memories help to recording information and how to get things done.Motor skills like dancing, would advance while we are in REM sleep. Positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging has demonstrated that the night after training, region that is active during task performance is reactivated during REM sleep. Besides, even event related potentials shows that high temporal resolution of brain processing in the period of REM sleep. (Stickgold, 2005)The result shows that REM sleep and memory consolidation are highly positive correlated, as a REM-rich periods person will be 3 times more likely to improve in certain skill than a sleep deprivation person.Endogenously, Nature NeuroScience did an electrophysiologica l reading between hippocampus and neocortex respond to episodic and semantic memories. Episodic memory is memories that involve emotion, while semantic memory refers to factual information and knowledge. Both of these memories are categorized in declaration memory. In the experiment, a group of people were given some task and simulating the learning multiple times. After that, subjects are given 2 detail fMRI scan that one is scheduled directly after the learning session and another scan 48hours later.The result shows that there is an increase in functional connectivity over time between hippocampus and medical prefrontal cortex in the first scan is lower than second scan. Subject remember more detailed and perform better after a good night sleep. Therefore learning is highly influence by the successively of reactivation between hippocampal and prefrontal network during our sleeping cycle. (Peyrache, 2009) In addition, the journal of Science written by Maquet, show that sleep has be en occupied that plastic cerebral change due to fresh memory and learning.The recurrence of neuronal bonds during sleep is proven by a few experiments. The neural activity is further shown in walking behavior seems to be reestablished during sleep. The reactivation will increase the intercellular connection strength between the element of network and incorporation of the new experience into long term memory. (Maquet, 2001) Both of this experiment proven that REM sleep has great effect to memory consolidation and learning. Exogenously, sleep is also illustrated to be obliging in memory consolidation and learning.Practice is not the only way to attainment all skill, performance could be improve between learning period and not within it. Explicit skill where we learn it intentionally is sleep-dependent. From an experiment from journal of Current Biology, offline skill improvement can only observed within 12 hours including sleep. The result show that implicit skill might improve due to time but explicit skill is positive correlated to sleep. When we are fully conscious of learning a new thing, the improvement of skill without practice is totally reliant on sleep. Robertson, 2004) Moreover, BBC news reported that in United Kingdom, a group of adult was given a task and for the group who were sent to sleep did better than those who carried on without sleep. Dr Matthew Walker mentions that â€Å"Sleep not only rights the wrong of prolonged wakefulness, but at neurocognitive level, it moves you beyond where you were before you took a nap†. This supplementary enhances the theory that, sleep will improve memory consolidation and learning. (BBC, 2010)As a college student, I fully understand that weighty academic course loads leads to sleep deprivation, but a good sleeping cycle will helps to boost up our academic result. Even though sleep helps to improve our academic, we still have to put in the same effort in our daily life to maintain and improve our result.Re ferences: Mowzoon, N. , M. D. , Flemming, K. , D. (2007). Neurology board review: An illustrated study guide. Rochester, MN: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Stickgold, R. (2005). Sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Nature, 437(7063), 1272-1278. Peyrache, A. , Khamassi, M. , Benchenane, K. , Wiener, S. , I. , Battaglia, F. , P. (2009). â€Å"Reply of rule-learning related neural patterns in the prefrontal cortex during sleep. † Nature NeuroScience, 12(7), 919-926. Doi:10. 1038/nn. 2337 Maquet, P. (2001) The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science, 294(5544), 1048-1052. DOI:  10. 1126/science. 1062856 McGaugh, J. , L. (2000). Memory – A century of consolidation. Science, 287(5451), 248-251. DOI:10. 1126/science. 287. 5451. 248 â€Å"Nap ‘boosts’ brain learning power. BBC News 21 February 2010. Retrieved from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/8524549. stm. Robertson, E. M. ; Pascual-Leone, A. ; Press, D. Z. (2004). â€Å"Aw areness modifies the skill-learning benefits of sleep†. Current Biology. 14(3): 208–212. DOI:10. 1016/j. cub. 2004. 01. 027 Wamsley, E. , J. , Tucker, M. , Payne, J. D. , Benavides, J. , A. , & Stickgold, R. (2010). Dreaming of a learning task I associated with enhanced sleep dependent memory consolidation. Current Biology, 20(9), 850-855. DOI: 10. 1016/j. cub. 2010. 03. 027

U.S. and international business operations and environments Essay

U.S. and international business operations and environments - Essay Example Cultural diversity identifies one of the differences. The American domestic culture is largely homogeneous and identifies uniform behaviors and practices in business negotiations and agreements. This is however contrary to the international environment that has diversified cultures and requires extensive knowledge of the cultures for successful business initiatives. Failure to understand the different cultures disadvantages operations in the international environment as opposed to experiences United States’ domestic set up. Business operations in the Unites States majorly uses the U.S. Dollar for transactions while operations in the international environment encounters many currencies, requires currency conversion and is susceptible to losses due to variations in currency values. Business operations and environment in the United States are also subject to a homogeneous legal environment under the federal laws and variations within state laws are not very significant while oper ations and environments in international set ups are regulated by different legal systems. Similarly, moral obligations, as derived from cultures, are homogeneous in the domestic business environment but diversified in international set up. Business operations in the United States are also majorly conducted in English while the international set up involves a multilingual approach that sometimes requires translators (Dlabay, Scott and Scott, 2010). Business operations and environments in the United States are therefore different from those in the international set up with culture, currency, legal environment, language, and ethics as the major bases for the

Democratic Theorist Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Democratic Theorist - Assignment Example In his case, he illustrated that the main aspect of democracy is freedom. Aristotle vibrantly brings out the image of a politician to that of a craftsman. In his analogy, politics is said to be more dependent on practical knowledge, which discuss legislative issues while craft is more dependent on productive knowledge. In his perception, he considered artifact production to undergo four stages of processing such as material, formal, efficient and final to accomplish a shape of a vase. Contrastingly based on the constitution governing the citizen, he compares a lawgiver to a craftsman. In his understating of the fundamental formative problems of politics, he deliberates that; the legislature should establish and preserve good constitution in order to get final later (Talisse & Goodman, 2008). Even though he criticizes the democracy as an illegitimate constitution, he acknowledges that a case may need to ascertain a popular rule in politics. He later brought to our attention that, it is absolutely easier to establish a constitution than amending one, which already existing. Aristotle politics did not had minimal effects since it was being considered to defend the Greek city, by then considered already fallen due to conquest by kings. However, due to its effects of provoking discussion of political philosophy, it has remained influential in shaping up the nature of politics (Wallace, Ober & Raaflaub,

A core concept across nursing theories Research Paper

A core concept across nursing theories - Research Paper Example Core concepts are the ideals upon which any practice is based.For most professions, core concepts are distinct to each, with practices like biology, sociology and psychology having their own concepts specifically applicable to their practice. These concepts are broadly defined in their metaparadigm, and such metaparadigms comprise of several major concepts.Such metaparadigms are considered to be the boundaries or limits of any practice. This is not much different in the nursing practice. The core concepts or metaparadigm of nursing, according to Fawcett (1984, as cited by Daniels and Daniels, 2004) include: person, environment, health, and nursing. These concepts help define and shape the nursing practice. While theorists have come up with different models for the practice in each area of nursing care, there are common concepts or threads to all these areas of nursing practice. Regardless of the area of nursing involved, the nurse will still be concerned with the following concepts: person, the environment, health, and nursing. In recent times, the concept of care has been included as an essential concept of nursing because it is crucial to the delivery of efficient nursing care (Daniels and Daniels, 2004). With these above considerations, this paper shall now identify a core concept which cuts across nursing theories. It shall compare and analyze the concept definitions based on the selected contemporary theories while considering the practical applications of these core concepts. Discussion A core concept which is common to two contemporary theories is the concept of nursing. This concept applies to the theories laid out by Dorothea Orem and Virginia Henderson. In her theory, Orem acknowledged the four concepts which comprise the nursing metaparadigm. She further defined human beings as â€Å"an integrated whole composed of an internal physical, psychologic, and social nature with varying degrees of self care ability (Chinn and Kramer, 2004). She also emphas izes that human beings are also self-care agents with different interdependent parts, which, when functionally sound, leads to contentment, pleasure, and happiness. When considering the concept of nursing, Orem sets forth that it is an art by which the nurse can deliver specialized care to individuals with disabilities requiring special assistance in compliance with daily needs for self-care (McLaughlin-Renpenning, 2002). In effect, nursing considers actions which are specifically chosen and delivered by nurses to guide individuals under their care in the sustenance and management of conditions in themselves or their general environment (Orem, 1985). In other words, the nursing conceptualization under Orem’s theory is founded on self-care and management; such care and management which is supported by a holistic nursing of the person’s needs and disabilities. Nursing under Orem is also based on nursing agency and nursing systems theory. These are elements which make up the nursing practice under the metaparadigm concept of ‘nursing.’ According to Orem, nursing agency is the human power and action qualities related to nursing practice. Its exercise includes the establishment of the legitimacy of a relationship; initial operationalization of interpersonal systems; and diagnosis related to patient variables (Bridge, Cabell, and Herring, n.d). The nursing systems theory emphasizes that nursing systems are seen when the nurses adopt and deliver care which manages a patient’s individual and self-care capabilities – and such care then applies to therapeutic self-care requirements (Kozier, Erb, and Blais, 1997). Orem also emphasizes the fact that humans need constant inputs in order to remain alive; that human agency is practiced through care of self and others; that mature humans experience hardships through the restrictions in their self-care; and that

Why Has Apple become increasing popular Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Why Has Apple become increasing popular - Essay Example The company started as a computer company with the best known hardware being the Mac computers, the iPhone, iPod music player and the iPad tablet computer. All of the company’s hardware operates on consumer software known as the iOS operating system and for comparison purposes it can be likened to Microsoft’s operating system called Windows. The company has gone through a dynamic metamorphosis from a computer company to a consumer electronics company since its founding days in 1976 to present. The incorporation’s consistent innovation and inventions I the information technology industry has seen it steadily rise to become one of the leaders in the market. This can be attributed to a myriad of factors that have been strategically combined the founders of the company to facilitate the transition of the company from just a mere computer company to a giant in the industry. This paper seeks to discuss the factors behind Apple Inc.’s increasing popularity in the global consumer electronics market.... The advent of the internet and rapid advancement in information technology (IT) resulted in globalization and the propagation of mobile communication devices (West, Joel & Mace 2). Steve Jobs was the co-founder and owner of Apple Computers Inc. and his accredited with turning the company’s fortunes around when he designed, developed and introduced the iPhone into the company’s products portfolio. The company changed its name to Apple Inc. an indication that it was breaking away from tradition and venturing into the consumer electronics industry. The consumer electronics industry is characterized by electronic equipment meant for everyday use in office productivity, entertainment and communication (Gross 3). This can be lauded as Apple Inc.’s turning point to profitability after its slump pre-consumer electronics era. This led to the growth of Apple’s market share into a global phenomenon changing its previous market niche of the US only. The companyâ€℠¢s venture into the consumer electronics market with the iPhone, iPod and iPad revolutionized the mobile device communication and technology (Bostic 1). The combination of the introduction of new consumer electronic products and consistent innovation of mobile phones, personal computers and portable music players can be attributed to Apple’s rise in the industry. Apple Inc. operates in a technology intensive market that is characterized by cutthroat competition and a constantly changing environment in terms of product relevance and market dynamics. Technology is at the core of Apple’s contemporary market that ranges from commonplace consumer products which is the main focus of its niche market to esoteric products. Apple’s Steve

Educational Research. Correlational Research From Other Types Of Assignment

Educational Research. Correlational Research From Other Types Of Research - Assignment Example Klimstra et al. also sought to clarify several inconsistencies that had been found by other studies before, but not researched (Klimstra et al. 150). This study sought to examine the manner in which formation of identity in adolescents can be described best using self-report surveys. The study by Klimstra et al. follows almost the exact organization as that in the survey research from the text. First, the study has a purpose statement discussed above, it also has a problem statement, which is whether the formation of identity in adolescents is best characterized by stability or change; as well it has an abstract in the beginning. The collection of data in the two studies was similar in that the participants were asked to fill out questionnaires that would be analyzed later. In addition, the analysis of data involved the use of scales, although the scales were different in both studies. While the sample study in the text used the Likert Scale, the Identity Formation in Adolescence: Ch ange or Stability research study used the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale. 2. What differentiates correlational research from other types of research? A common thing among all the correlational research studies is the fact that they are involved in the exploration of relationships between different variables. This differs from the descriptive research, since the descriptive research only describes what happens or what is going on. ... rrelational research also differs from the causal-comparative research, as the correlational researcher is attempting to measure the nature of variable relationships, rather than a cause and effect relationship (Mertler & Charles 256). For instance, a correlational research study could conclude that there was a correlation between violence among family members and ice-skating. While this may seem strange, it is true that there is a correlation, rather than a relation. As more individuals are involved in ice-skating in the United States, there is more violence among family members. The question, however, that this research poses is whether these findings are indicative of the fact that ice-skating causes violence among family members, for instance, whether people who have some bad time on the ice rink take it out on family members. In addition, could it be that violence with a family member caused one to feel the need to go out and skate the whole day? The truth is that none of these variables leads to the other; they are simply correlated. Every time that people go out to skate, there is an increase in violence among family members. On the other hand, it is also possible to predict that every time violence among family members goes down, it will lead that there will be fewer people at the local ice skating rink. What exists is a hidden link that binds these two variables together; which itself is a third variable, which, in this case, is winter. As people spend more time at home in winter, violence among family members goes up while more people also tend to go ice-skating in winter. 3. What are the principal data sources in experimental and quasi-experimental research? Quasi-experimental and experimental research designs are used for systematic observation of the

History of the Vietnam Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History of the Vietnam Wars - Essay Example eneva, in which Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam received their independence and Vietnam was temporarily divided between an anti-Communist South and a Communist North. In 1956, South Vietnam, with American backing, refused to hold the unification elections† (Learn about the Vietnam War, 2010). It is difficult to understand what the French and the Americans tried to achieve. If they felt they could impose their might through superior military prowess, they had difficult time proving it in the marshy soil of tropical Vietnam. In the first place, the military preparation was nothing short of disaster. The huge pile of weapons stocked by the French and the Americans was of little avail to the Vietnamese. The weapons only served to aggravate or spoil things for the French and the Americans by adverse reactions from their own homelands. Nothing much is known about adverse public reaction to the Indo-China war in France. The protests were largely muted and it was left to the politicians to take action as they deemed fit. The French defeat in Dien Bien Phu was a substantial eye-opener to the French government and they did not waste time in tactfully concluding the war with a peace conference in Geneva. The Americans were, however, more noisy. In the United States, opposition to the war was vociferous. As the years progressed, the media was pregnant with news of public protests and atrocities committed on American soldiers. Politically, both President Johnson and President Nixon faced angry crowds swearing by anti-war statements. The American Presidents were sensitive to adverse political decisions and had no idea the chaotic situation at home might cause in the present or in the future. In the latter years of President Nixon, he was too caught up with the Watergate scandal to think clearly on issues with regard to Vietnam. His frustrations compounded issues and the failure of the Americans in the Vietnam was the result of political wrangles that only added to the

Research Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt Paper

Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt - Research Paper Example His New Deal program significantly enlarged the function and responsibilities of the U.S. federal government. This paper analyzes and discusses the life and legacy of Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt as U.S. presidents. The discussion focuses on their response to the bigger national and global issues during their presidency. Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president of the United States, considered himself the defender of the masses and the mouthpiece of the people. He declared, â€Å"No one but the President seems to be expected†¦ to look out for the general interests of the country† (Cook 98). He was a liberal reformist and took on global leadership in creating a new global order. He announced in 1917 that the involvement of the United States in the First World War is a campaign to build a world that is ‘friendly’ to democratic ideologies. Wilson had witnessed the horror and atrociousness of warfare. He was born in 1856 in Virginia to a Presbyterian pastor of the Civil War. After finishing his studies at Princeton and the University of Virginia Law School, he obtained his university degree at John Hopkins University and embarked on an academic profession (Freidel 61). Wilson progressed quickly as a traditionalist, conformist young university lecturer of political science and was elected in 1902 as head of Princeton. His flourishing national popularity encouraged a number of conservative Democrats to view him as a good candidate for presidency. At first they convinced him to run for the position of New Jersey’s Governor in 1910 (Gaines 48). During the campaign he declared his autonomy from the conservatives and from the system that had recommended him, promoting a liberal program, which he carried out as governor. In 1912, during the Democratic Convention, Wilson was nominated for presidency and promoted the project New Freedom, which emphasized individuality and the rights of states. In the tripartite

Should juveniles be waivered to adult court Essay

Should juveniles be waivered to adult court - Essay Example d between 1986 and 1992 and recorded various information about waivers including their involvement in criminal court processing, sentencing, and recidivism of youth offenders. Podkopacz and Feld make several errors while attempting to draw a relationship between their localized studies and the role of waivers in court systems throughout the country. The study takes particular effort in ensuring that the population sample drawn from Hennepin’s records is reflective of the waiver trends Minnesota as well the United States. While the study succeeds in showing that its offender population generally reflects trends throughout the United States, the authors do not show that the judges sampled in the study are representative of the judges throughout Minnesota and the United States. If the authors had attempted to craft a more detailed profile of the judges, who made the subjective decision to issue the wavers, and drew a comparison to judges throughout the country, it would follow the judges elsewhere would make similar subjective decisions. The authors take a conservative stance on recidivism by choosing to allow actual adjudications or convictions to stand as indicators of recidivism rather than rearrests. The authors claim that recidivism rates of juveniles indicate that court systems are not achieving their goal. When in fact, consideration of the types of crimes committed by repeat offenders may show that these additional offenses are significantly less in magnitude than the original crimes. Thus, the legal system may be â€Å"working† towards deterring juvenile offenders from additional offenses but not enough. Although the authors make a detailed and strong argument about the role waivers play within Hennepin’s court system, the paper fails to draw a strong gap between the focused group of waivers in Hennepin and waivers throughout Minnesota and the United States. The authors of this study can strengthen their article by providing increased portraits

Empirical Effect Of Sacking A Coach In Football Team Essay Example for Free

Empirical Effect Of Sacking A Coach In Football Team Essay Changing or sacking the coaches is the most commonly seen incidents in the game of football. Football is the most widely watched and popular game in this world. It is game of passion for not only players, coaches, or managers but also for audience, who come to watch this game. Numerous teams, clubs of football exist in this world and every team have their own followers, who wish that their team must fare well in each match. If the team fails to perform, the person who is held responsible for the poor performance is the coach of that particular team (Balduck and Buelens, 2007). The coach is either asked to resign or is sacked. Thus, this study tries to investigate whether firing the coaches renders any positive impact on the performance of the team or not. For that purpose, we are analysing few great teams of world and scrutinise their performance using empirical research model. We analysed the effect of sacking coaches by scrutinizing of few great teams in the world and their performance from 1970-2007 (Balduck and Buelens, 2007). Description Researchers have always tried to find out whether the sacking the coaches render any influence on the performance of the team or not. The first way to address this issue would be to concentrate on the rapport between team performance and sacking of the coach. Studies made by Grusky in 1963 and Brown in 1982 were based on management research whereas the case studies put forward by Theberge, Loy in 1976 and Bennet et al in the year 1986 were based on perspective of sports management (Balduck and Buelens, 2007). However, majority of researchers concluded that most teams sacked the coaches when the teams performed badly (Cannella and Rowe, 1995). It is also argued that there are three theories, which dominate the sport fraternity (Kesner 1994). The first theory says that for a while when a coached is sacked it renders positive influence on team and over all effectiveness of a particular club. Studies reveal that performance of the team improves after sacking of the coach. However, as per the second theory known as the vicious theory, the resignation or sacking of the coach affects the team’s performance in negative way for short duration. The reason being stated is it upsets the internal relationship in the club. Such disturbance within the clubs further degrades the team’s performance. The third theory is the scapegoat theory, whenever team plays badly or loses in succession; the authorities sack the coach even, if players fail to deliver themselves. Sacking the coach, trainers or manager is the most easy to way to pacify the higher authorities of the club, fans, audiences and other stakeholders (Balduck and Buelens, 2007). If we look at the performance of Manchester United from the year 1970 to 2007, we see that initially the club authorities sacked the coaches after faring poorly in matches. In the year, 1970, Wilf McGuiness was nominated as the coach of team. The team struggled to deliver under his coaching and finished eighth in football charts that year. Ultimately, Wilf was demoted and was replaced by Matt Busby in the year 1970. New coach bought some relief to the team but the coach resigned after serving the team for six months. Later, in Frank O’Farrell took the reign in his hands and bought some great talent in his team. Team fared well in domestic circuits but even Frank left the team after 18 months. Thus, it can be seen that constant sacking as well as resignation of the coaches were the reason why the team could not won any major title from the duration 1970 to 1972. Tommy Doherty was named as the new coach of Manchester United in 1972. Although, team could not deliver its best performance, Tommy was never asked to put down his papers. It was the long-term association at the club that Man Utd reached the final of FA cup in the year 1976 but could not win the title. In subsequent year, the team won FA cup. However, Tommy was sacked as coach due to some other reasons. This findings show that teams deliver their good performance when the association of the coach with the team is for long duration. In 1977, Dave Sexton took over as the coach of Manchester United, under his guidance the team shared Community shield with Liverpool. The team also made it to the final of the FA cup but could not win the cup. The association of the Dave lasted with Manchester United until 1981 and club won seven games under his coaching until he was sacked in the 1981 for not making the team capable of winning the big matches. Ron Atkinson was appointed the next coach of Manchester United, and the results were quite evident in the next three years. The club won FA cup in next consecutive years under his coaching. However, due to dipping performance in the later half of 1986, Atkinson was sacked. The authorities of the club then selected Sir Alex Ferguson as the coach of Man Utd. Alex was considered as the man who transformed the club and helped team to win huge matches. Alex is still reigning manager of the club (Manchester United – Coaches, 2003). The club won several titles under his coaching such as FA cup in 1990, 1994, and 1996. However, the club lost five matches continuously in the year 1997-98. Nevertheless, 1998-99 was the most memorable year in the history of Manchester united as it won all major cups, Premier league, FA, intercontinental and UFEA cup. The same year Alex was conferred knighthood for his contribution to the English club (Manchester United F. C. -wikipedia, 2009). In 2000-2001, Man Utd won the leagues but experienced major failures such as it made it to the final of EU cup but failed to win the match. So, one point to be noted in this regard is that the even though, Man Utd won matches and lost some in succession the authorities did not attempt to sack the coach. In 2001-2002, the club achieved third place in premiership league whereas in 2002-03, the club fared well in leagues but its performance dipped following the suspension of Rio Ferdinand. In 2004, the team again won FA cup. Year 2005 was again the year of failures for Man Utd. Most of its players failed to score gaols and there was huge uproar about sacking the coach. However, Alex remained the coach of the team. Year 2006 too started poorly as team even failed to qualify for the knockout phase of UEFA (Manchester United F. C. -wikipedia, 2009). Most of the players were gripped with injuries but team bucked up, managed to win leagues, and qualified for Champions leagues by defeating Charlton athletes by 4-0.

Regulations and Policies for Children with Disabilities

Regulations and Policies for Children with Disabilities All children with disabilities have the right to be treated fairly and equally to children without disabilities. As of December 2002 schools are required not to treat disabled pupils less favourably for a reason relating to their disability and to take reasonable steps to make sure they are not placed at a disadvantage to those whom are not disabled. It is against the law for schools to treat a child different as it is discrimination. There are several forms of discrimination, one if which is direct discrimination: This is deliberate discrimination against an individual. This is refusing a child into their setting because of a disability. There is also indirect discrimination. This is where events are in place but are not suitable for everyone. For example; language barriers, also spelling barriers could discriminate against a child who is dyslexic. Discrimination due to a disability can occur through sports classes. A teacher may exclude someone with a disability as they may take longer to reach the end result than a person without a disability. This will result on the child missing out on opportunities that children without a disability won’t miss out on. An example of this could be exclusion by other children to be on their team as they are disadvantaged, this would cause the child with the disability to be excluded from other students within the group. This would be discrimination towards a child with a disability. There are specific laws, legislations and regulations in place giving rights to children with disabilities. The equality act 2010 ensures children with disabilities receive the same access to public or private services and that the services make reasonable adjustments to their properties to ensure they are accessible for all. This could include ramps, disabled toilets, lifts to access higher floors if needed, or braille. This promotes equal opportunities. Special educational needs codes of practice was developed to help to provide adequate support for an individual’s personal needs. It provides practical local advice to local education authorities, maintained schools and early education settings on carrying out their statutory duties to identify, assess and make provisions for childrens special educational needs. A child with disabilities should have their needs met. Children with special educational needs have a right to a balanced education and to work at the right curriculum for themselves. When working inclusively with children with disabilities they should be given equal opportunities. They should be given the opportunity to be educated in a mainstream setting and have their individual needs met the same as other children without a disability do. If a child is treated as they have a medical model of disability in a childcare setting, then this can cause the child to be seen as an illness and not as a normal person. This can result in not only the teacher not respecting the child but also the other class mates not respecting the child and treating the child differently, which will cause discrimination. When the child is being treated different and unfairly they are not able to show their full strengths and their full potential. Inclusive practice is having respect for each individual as a person. By showing them respect they will gain trust for you and feel confident around you. Take time to get to know the person and listen to them. Be thoughtful towards another’s feelings. By letting the child have a say and being involved will empower the child which will help them to be confident. The benefits of working and communicating with parents are all children are different and have different needs and nobody knows their child better than their parents. Parents look at their children and see them as a person and not a disability and know a childs strengths and weaknesses. It is important to understand and respect a parents feelings and emotions and understand that some parents may find the journey more demanding than others. It is important to make sure that a parent understands procedures in a childcare setting and be sure to involve them in everything concerning their child. A parents method of dealing with a situation may be different to somebody else’s so be sure to respect a parents opinion. Parents should always be respected as an individual. When making arrangements with parents allow them plenty of notice as they could have to arrange it through work or through childcare so allow plenty of flexibility. Sometimes extra support maybe needed from a professi onal. It is likely that when a child with a disability or additional needs enters a childcare setting professional support is already established. By working in partnership with other professionals it helps to acknowledge children with learning difficulties and help to provide the correct support. A childcare setting can be adapted to a child’s needs. Things like a ramp for a wheelchair user or a lift if it is required if the building is set over more than one floor. If a lift is not accessible then an alternative would be to move floors so a wheelchair user isn’t discriminated against. Also easy access to a disabled toilet is required. Adapting for blind people by using braille where needed. Adapting certain materials so its age and stage appropriate. Making sure people around them show a positive attitude towards equality and diversity. A disabled child is just as able to take part in activities just as much as other children but adjustments may need to be made. Inclusive practice can only be effective if adults lead by example and reflect on their own attitudes an beliefs. Children with additional needs or disabilities may face barriers that prevent them from having the same opportunities as other children in a childcare setting. Some children with disabilities may struggle with going to the toilet so may need additional help. They may need additional help with zips and buttons on clothing. If children are using fancy dress be aware of the fastenings on the clothes and consider Velcro or bigger buttons. Some children may find it hard to express their thoughts and feelings. Visual aids are a useful method of helping them to pick their preference. If a child has a physical impairment some environments may create barriers to prevent a child from moving around to their full potential. If a setting causes barriers then people need to consider moving furniture around a setting to prevent obstacles. For example not putting materials and activities on the floor so a wheelchair user is unable to participate. It can also cause a barrier to people with a visual impairment. Putting materials and activities on the floor can also be an obstacle and dangerous for someone trying to find their way around safely. Children must not be regarded as having a learning difficulty soley because the language or form of language of their home is different from the language in which they will be taught. A child is disabled if they are blind, deaf or dumb or suffers from a mental disorder of any kind or is substantially and permanently handicapped by illness, injury or congenital deformity or such other disability as may be prescribed. A person has a disability for the purposes of this act if they have a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long term adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal day to day activities.

Impacts on Private Savings in Pakistans Economy

Impacts on Private Savings in Pakistans Economy 1. Introduction The term savings describe the unconsumed disposable income which is kept with intention of stabilizing consumption in some future time. Private savings contribute in overall growth of any country and economists consider it as a gauge to economic health. When people start to rely on debts either than their saved cash much more pressure is found on the financial institutions which reduce the strength of any nation. People save in good times so that they have enough funds in their account for the rainy days which are more likely to come in a very frequent pace in countries developing countries like Pakistan. This issue of insufficient funds lead any country towards poverty which is a big threat for all emerging markets which are trying to become prosperous and want to be counted as developed nation of this impulsive world. Pakistani economy is in its developing stage, and this is the reason that is facing a very low saving rate. There are various factors behind this phenomenon. Saving is the key factor which increases future consumption (Kim, 2010), this fact made researcher inclined towards the importance of this topic to be researched and discussed comprehensively. Even though this issue was in consideration by many researchers before but it still need to be considered more as no much conclusive results were found for it in the past. Private savings is expected to contribute overall growth of a country by making it more stable and organized. Several economic and demographic variables are expected to have their valuable influence on Private Savings (Hondroyiannis, 2004); variables in this study are selected by keeping this fact in view. 1.1 Background Private savings are facing a very consistent decline in Pakistan from so many past decades which are not a common trend as other Southeast Asian countries are having a gradual increase in their Private savings. Private savings which become part of national saving after being summed up with public savings; this gives it a vital role in the overall performance of any country. Savings can create intensions of investment specifically on capital stocks which will cause an increase in nation’s productivity, this chain will leads towards raise in wages and consumption and Increased capital stocks also increase employment. Researcher is considering few variables as determinants of private savings which are previously found to have the impactful determinants in past studies. Incomes of individuals is considered as one of the most influential factors in many past studies but evidence is also available that in 1970s and 1980s private savings of Pakistan was having average of less than 17% of disposable income which was very low in comparison with other Asian economies (Husain, 1996). Another evidence which prove strong relation between income and private savings is as stated that pension plan enhance its importance. Income and employment have significant relation with personal savings (Kim, 2010). FDI is also considered to be desirable and recommended to be increased by researchers (Shahbaz et al, 2010). It is stated that whenever remittances increase a very visible increment in National savings is visible, a positive and significant relation was found in the research (Chaudhry et al, 2010). 1.2 Problem Statement In past several studies are done on the topic of private savings (Husain, 1996, Kim, 2010; Lean and Song, 2009; Masson, 1998; Chaudhry et al, 2010). Those studies have identified several variables which are influential on private savings in different countries. This study is being conducted by using recent data and this is the reason that this will add latest knowledge. Thus there is a need of such work to be done in Pakistan by making use of latest data. Dynamic of private savings play a vital role for Pakistans economy where there is lots of instability in economic conditions. Instability of this economy has made it really essential for all the members of this economy to maintain some funds for crucial times. This study will allow all the readers to understand that what factors are affecting this important element in the selected economy. 1.3 Research Question Background of this research gives birth to following research question; Q. What is the determinant of Private savings in economy of Pakistan? 1.4 Research Objective The core objective of this research is to highlight the importance of private savings in Pakistan and addressing key factors which are controlling the behaviour of private savings in positive or negative manner. In order to achieve this broad objective following specific objectives are pursued in this study; To identify the impact of FDI on private savings of Pakistani economy To identify the impact of ADR on private savings of Pakistani economy To identify the impact of REM on private savings of Pakistani economy To identify the impact of INF on private savings of Pakistani economy 1.5 Scope of the Study This study will reveal fundamental issues regarding private savings which will be helpful for the economy of Pakistan. Thematic focus of this study is to determine the factors that are affecting private saving. Geographical focus of this study is the economy of Pakistan. 1.6 Limitation of the Study Researcher is putting all possible efforts in this study, but in spite of that there are always some limitations of research. Limitation of this study is accessibility; due to availability of limited resources data collected for this research is from online sources. 2. Methodology 2.1. Type of Research This is a quantitative research in which numeric data is being analysed through application of statistical model. Deductive approach is being applied in this research where, we are dealing with an existing theory and testing it parametric form of data. Furthermore, this is a descriptive cum explanatory research is being done in this study for understanding the relation between dependent and different independent variables. 2.2.Data Source Electronic copies of required data were acquired from official website of state bank of Pakistan, economic survey of Pakistan and hand book of economics. Secondary data is being used in the research which was available on different websites. 2.3.Sample Size As per the focus of this study, data collected for this research is of Pakistani economy. Researcher is collecting annual data of past 30 years which is from 1984 to 2013. 2.4.Statistical Technique By using SPSS 19.0 data is imported and descriptive and regression analysis is performed on metric data. Application of descriptive analysis has allowed the researcher to explain the data rigorously. Regression analysis is applied to check out existence of relationship between selected dependent and independent variables. 3. Conclusion and Recommendation This research which was conducted in order to reveal important and impactful factors influencing private saving is found to be useful and contribute well. Out of the four hypotheses that were established in this research, three are accepted and one is rejected. Results which were found in the end indicated that, three factors which were foreign direct investment, age dependency ratio and remittance have significant impact on private savings. There is only one variable that has insignificant relation which is Inflation. FDI should also be increased and this could only be done if political situation of our country will become stable as it will make our country more lucrative for the foreign investors. Previously there was a very good and appreciatable trend as many Multinational companies were coming and investing in Pakistan but this trend is now facing a down trend due to bad political and social conditions of the nation. Decrease in age dependency is although causing an increase in private saving but there is a need of making sure that this decrease is not because of bad health condition or child labour. Government must make policies for taking a better care of all these dependent effectively. Remittance is normally considered to be a factor that strengthens economy, but in case of Pakistan, negative relationship is due to ineffective usage of remittance. At this point there is a need of prioritising the needs and wants. Receivers of remittance must ensure that they are using it effectively rather than wasting it. Government can also intervene in this by increasing the taxes on remittance inflow and also assuring that false channels for sending remittance are not being adopted. Inflation in Pakistani economy is a major problem and insignificant relation between inflation and private savings shows that two extreme situations 1) poverty and 2) extreme richness are on their hype in this economy. There is a need of making policies through which equal distribution of wealth can become possible in the economy. This research can be continued further by considering other economic factors which were not covered here. Other dependent variables can also be considered which also contribute in overall growth of any country and thought to be judgemental factor of economic health by economist.

Carpe Diem Seizing the Day Essay example -- essays research papers

Live a Full Life or Not, the Choice is Yours Some 2000 years ago a Roman poet was talking with his vampy friend, Vladimir Longtoothski about his bizarre phengophobia. â€Å"Vlad,† Horace the Geek began, â€Å"I realize you’re a creature of the night but you need to catch some rays, man. You’ve been looking a little pale lately, you need to get your blood boiling and get some color in your cheeks.† Exasperated with Vlad’s nightowl existence, Horace the Geek uttered, â€Å"Seize the day, Vlad!† â€Å"Bloody good prompt,† responded the incisive Vlad. And for the next 2000 years, teachers everywhere encouraged their students to write about the importance of seizing the day if you want to live each day to the fullest. So check out the following seizures. The year: 1959. The place: Welton Academy. It’s a strict prep school run with military precision almost like Harlingen’s Marine Military Academy or the La Joya ROTC program. Passionate to the extreme, maverick English teacher John Keating urges his students to break the rules, to break with tradition, to break up their routine life, and dre...

The Cloning Debate :: Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argument

The Cloning Debate      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first attempt in cloning was conducted in 1952 on a group of frogs. The experiment was a partial success.   The frog cells were cloned into other living frogs however, only one in every thousand developed normally , all of which were sterile. The rest of the frogs that survived grew to abnormally large sizes.  Ã‚   In 1993, scientist and director of the in vitro lab at George Washington University, Jerry Hall and associate Robert Stillman, reported the first ever successful cloning of human embryos.   It was the discovery of in- vitro fertilization in the 1940’s that began the pursuit to ease the suffering of infertile couples.   After years of research, scientists learned that "in a typical in-vitro procedure, doctors will insert three to five embryos in hopes that, at most, one or two will implant" (Elmer-Dewitt 38).   And that "a woman with only one embryo has about a 10% to 20% chance of getting pregnant through in-vitro fertilization.   If that embryo could be cloned and turned into three or four, thechances of a successful pregnancy would increase significantly"(Elmer- Dewitt 38).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The experiment the scientists performed is the equivalent of a mother producing twins.   The process has been practiced and almost perfected in livestock for the past ten years, and some scientists believe that it seems only logical that it would be the next step in in-vitro fertilization.   The procedure was remarkably simple.   Hall and Stillman "selected embryos that were abnormal because they came from eggs that had been fertilized by more than one sperm" (Elmer-Dewitt 38), because the embryos were defective, it would have been impossible for the scientist to actually clone another person.   They did however, split the embryos into separate cells, as a result creating separate and identical clones.   They began experimenting on seventeen of the defective embryos and "when one of those single-celled embryos divided   into two cell†¦the scientists quickly separated the cells, creating two different embryos with the same genetic information" (Elmer-Dewitt 38).   The cells are coated with a protective covering "called a zona pellucida, that is essential to development" (Elmer-Dewitt 38), which was stripped away and replaced with a gel-like substance made from seaweed that Hall had been experimenting with.   The scientists were able to produce forty-eight clones, all of which died within six days.   Other scientist have been quoted saying that although the experiment is fairly uncomplicated, it had not been tested before because of the moral and ethical issues surrounding an experiment such as this one.   Some people believe that aiding infertile couples is the only true benefit to cloning human embryos,

Intercultural Luxury Draft

He has won he â€Å"Town and Country Couture Award† three times in a row. ; He has his showroom and atelier in Istanbul Sample jewelry Seven Bikini's PRI Raise bracelet showing a wealth of techniques including microcosmic, miniature painting, calligraphy and an intricate pave of diamonds that recreates this early cartographer's discoveries It's not all about history and culture in Seven Bikini rings. This one is topped by two fluffy chicks that look real enough to stroke. Not the old cut diamonds on the shank of the ring with silver-foil backings Seven Bikini Seagulls over Istanbul ring.The seagulls appear to float in an azure sky ever the microcosmic scene depicting the history of Istanbul Seven Bikini Pomegranate ring. The pomegranates are carved into the back of a precious stone that is mounted into the outsized ring set with diamonds Seven Bikini ring with miniature paintings of Istanbul on the sides and a quartz dome Seven Bikini ring showing a range of techniques includi ng intaglio carving and calligraphy More marine inspiration in this Seven Bikini ring that wraps a starfish around the finger topped by a gorgeous baroque pearl.Rose-cut diamonds stand out against the oxidized metal Safety ring Turkey: Seven Bias India Culture of the country in relation to luxury Protestant ethic: against show and excess; modesty Luxury goods are bought for esthetics value rather than for show Rising middle class buys luxury for its status. Aware of only the ubiquitous international luxury brands. With increasing travel, there IIS more awareness. Culture of jewelry wearing Classic jewelry tends to be more reserved, sober, discrete More jewelry worn for special occasions Jewelry (esp. gold) is considered an investment vehicle.Most of the buying is done during wedding season and for some religious festivals. Few elites buy jewelry from international designer brands. Image of the brand Ð’Â « Seven Black Ð’Â » Silver and gold more popular than semi-precious ston es Arabic (? ) calligraphy not a trend in UK jewelry Local jewelry houses are preferred. Better rates and more ethnic style. Semi-precious stones are picking up in popularity, although highest demand for gold and diamonds. Culture of colors Muted, natural colors preferred, not bright colors Lots of bright colors.Inherent in culture. Shiny gold. Business culture People do not negotiate for People always negotiate when it KICK: Barberry ; Created in 1856 ; Barberry Group Pl is a British luxury fashion souse, manufacturing clothing, fragrance, and fashion accessories. Its distinctive tartan pattern has become one of its most widely copied trademarks ; Most famous for its iconic trench coat, which was invented by founder Thomas Barberry ; The company has branded stores and franchises around the world, and also sells through concessions in third-party stores.HAM Queen Elizabeth II and HRS The Prince of Wales have granted the company Royal Warrants ; The Chief Creative Officer is Christop her Bailey. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FETES 100 Index Barberry originals or inspired by Tu reek The headscarf, adapted from the classic Barberry scarf ; Colors muted, classic sense of the house style as seen in the LIKE India Use of bolder colors, textures, patterns The Trench' very popular Sense of fun, mixing modern style with old traditions ELK: Barberry Islamic culture doesn't like excess, luxury.Resistance of consumers for Christian and Jewish origin brands usury is used as a status symbol. Esp. the middle class. Aware of major international brands. Luxury from the west, IEEE Europe preferred. Culture of fashion wearing Being fashionable while adapting the rules of Islam. Increasing economic level and globalization created demand for Islamic fashion brands Western fashion is gaining in importance. Both day Wear and evening wear. Has to co exist alongside ethnic clothes. Demand for well known brands alongside good fit.Conserva tive to a large extent. Trends dictated by movie stars. Image of the brand Ð’Â « Barberry Ð’Â » Very adaptable products ( scarves and trench coats) with neutral beige colors, modern but not sex appeal, branded and high quality, in line with Islamic fashion. Problem with Christian origin, and interpretation of symbols of the cross on the basis of checker design Well known. Its accessories more popular than main offerings. Barberry Bruit launched recently. Perfumes, wallets, shoes etc do very well. Known as British brand.

The World – Creative Writing

later on the dreamless sleep of eons, the time had ascend for him to awaken, to view what was bashn only when as The human being. He traversed the zipness of the desolate region roughly him, aimlessly trying to demote something, somebody, anything. Yet isolation was only he found. The World was a place where the give of time was non- quick and each of intelligent lifes engine room was lost for all eternity, all at a lower place a veil of turmoil.The more he searched, the less he found. The only decease to be heard was the sound of skulls scurvy under foot. Yet his pointless trip continued. He became more frantic he wanted to find something, a flower, a butterfly, or some unrivalled he could socialise with. Still, nonhingness was all he found, himself was all he could socialize with. He became affright even though there was nonhing to be afraid of. Fear had consumed him, secure give c argon worship had consumed The World. He believed too, he would become just a number.However, then(prenominal) he saw it. Pillars of blackness emanating from the horizon, intense the sky above him, a fairish distance a modality from him. He withal saw faint intentions, just like himself near the origin of the Pillars, and a urban center surrounding them. He started walking towards the city. A walk soon saturnine into expect as he was struck with drab relief. He knew, now, he was not the only person in The World. He fantasy he was alone, but now his fears were all except present. When became closer, inconsolable relief turned to inconsolable pain as he saw the figures close up. He did not see humankind, people, or even animals. They were monstrosities.off to their state by their own edacity and power hungry minds, only mutated organisms were left. hotshot turned and slowly trundled towards him. It wore a long grey unblemished garment, with a cowl obscuring its face. Diamonds, gold and other precious materials cover it, in a delicate and abstr use pattern. He shivered as it put a limb, similar to a hand, on his shoulder.You are lost, are you not? it muttered to him. He nervously nodded, not able to open his gumption talk to speak. He continued After many another(prenominal) centuries of searching I have eventually found the one I am looking for, the one I net call my own. You may not judge you know me, however, you know me more than you gauge you believe, and more than you want to believe. He was mystified. A figure he had never seen ahead that claimed to know him. It was too much for him. He started to back down, but then he saw someone fag the figure, someone he recognized. She was talking to someone, a figure just like him.Orta, you know her do you not? She came here, only recently, to meet her promoter. Her friend Vertigo, who knew her, just like I know you.He was mystified, Is this a dream, a incubus? He thought to himself. The figure express This is not a dream. I am as real as you or Orta. He was puzzle d, being driven to frenzy by the information overload. He could not understand what was going on. The area around him had people around him arriving all the time, confluence mysterious figures just like him. come out around, the figure continued, There is your friend Alambad with Insanity, your cook Xenia with Death, your cousin Vyse with Paranoia, you are not alone.He became hysterical, his eyes widening, his face as macabre as the moon itself. He ran at his cousin, screaming and shouting. Yet Vyse did not ascertain him.You attempts at communicating with beings other than me are futile. I am the only one you can converse with at The World.He stopped, with tears in his eyes and dragged himself back to the figure.What is your name? he asked, as he tried to hide his emotions. When he accepted no response, he repeated his incertitude louder with more infurity. It replied The figure you see onward you now, the figure you are conversing with now has no name. It is nothing. It does not exist except internal yourself. However as humans invite a name for everything, you may bear upon to me, as Isolation. He raised his hook like limbs to lift the hood that cover its face. As the hood fell behind it, he winched in disgust as he saw what the hood was hiding. On his face he had, nothing.Victims of our own fear brought us here, there is no way out. Isolation said with his none existent lips. He raised a scrubby finger towards the pillars of shadow and continued You humans fuel The World by dint of your fears and phobias. They are non-existent, yet prove useful to us. You prey the The World, governed by Chaos our king and ruler, you come up it open. Our apparent existence is created by you. The deathless walk you had when traveling here, you created it, you made it. Orta entered The World through the Clouds above you. Xenia entered The World through a car accident, on Earth. I am sorry but you go out never return to the place of your origin.They looked up in to the sky in concert, observing at the elegant gem in the sky they knew as Earth. Walking along memory brim together, they were soon talking and joking together as if they were long lost friends, walking to the end of time.

Advancement in Construction Technology Essay

1.1General ambitBack in the day in the beginning there were computers the whole expression crop was done by drop a line and paper from the bidding solve to the tangible drawings themselves. Since the innovation of the computer and interactive bundle these operatees consume gotten much to a greater extent efficient. there have been m whatever platforms that ease the complex body part process. Such programs include, drawing bundle (AutoCad), spreadsheet software system (Microsoft Excel), programs to assist with estimating (Plan Swift), planning and scheduling software (Microsoft Project), the internet as well as e-mail. in that location have always been squirt updates on these programs but have loosely remained with the same basic purpose. Within the farthermost 5 years a newborn state of the art program au consequentlytic by AutoDesk development 3D stamp has been integrated into many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) large jobs in sternada while in the USA it has been utilise regularly for somewhat 10 years. This program is c solelyed edifice nurture manikin and for short, BIM. there are many companies that do non know about BIM or have heard of it but have never apply it or devourn it being utilize.1.2Specific BackgroundThe purpose of this shed light on known is to inform batch at bottom the wind perseverance about the available software and the importance of 3D instanceing through and throughout the entire anatomical structure process. Hopefully this report leave alone exchange many people to incorporate BIM into their regurgitates more(prenominal) often. Also, students should be learning about BIM in college programs and should also be an elective within high schools along with AutoCad.1.3Thesis StatementCan 3D Modeling technology reform outturn control in the social organisation process?1.4Explanation of MethodologyThroughout this technical foul report, seek on the rise of 3D Modeling bequeath be analyze a nd broken down to the reader through succorary research obtained from various online newsprint and powder store obligates and academic phrases recarding the subject. This research volition be hired to trace the fatality for 3D Modeling within the eddy effort. It allow for then prove that the process behind 3D modeling depart improve production from initial budgeting to maintaining the undone product.The primary research that lead be engagementd within this report entrust be presented through an online survey and oppo spot interviews with a number of industry professionals. The opinions and experiences of these professionals will be used within this report to support the presented question or pay background information regarding the subject. Each of the interviewees will be presented with the same set of questions in order to properly compare and gather the data received by them.2.0Secondary explore Review2.1Building entropy Modeling safe device Benefits & Oppo rtunities, Professional Safety In this term Rajendran and Clarke argue the benefits of Building tuition Modeling (BIM) in Health and Safety. They also keep several(prenominal) ways it servicings with the overall reflection process. The article run lows of by defining BIM and its processes and Stating that it is bonny more popular within the architect, verbal expression and engineering industries. They write that BIM allows builders to foresee any complications that may occur even before the social organisation process begins. They list study benefits BIM has regarding the mental synthesis process. There are many figures portraying how BIM give the sack be used to assist with site layout and identify capableness risks. Concluding this article they state that BIM had many benefits that can improve construction safety (Rajendran & Clarke, 2011). I will use part of this article to argue the importance of BIM in the construction process.The major issue I am focussing on is how it will improve the construction process and stop further complications. This article has some straightforward specifys on benefits of using BIM regarding my topic. 2.2Implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Construction In this article Rowlinson, Collins, Tuuli and Jia, analyse the impirical impacts of Building Information Modeling (BIM) into construction. They review two cases where BIM was used successfully. In the first case the process started traditionally and after many issues make delays, BIM was implemented and with the help of a BIM team up they created the model and fragmentd the issues pronto. In the second case the BIM was implemented from the beginning and the process was much smoother and indited time. They breakthrough that BIM allows companies to deal with RFIs (Requests for Information) much easier.Also, states that BIM allows builders to see conflicts between each parties system and resolve them before they clash on site and delays the project. On concluding this article, the authors find that success alone is not a adapted driver for managers to justify implementing BIM (Rowlinson, Collins, Tuuli & Yunyan, 2010). I will use this article to strengthen my principle that the use of BIM will help with production control within the construction process. This article clearly outlines the issue I am trying to prove BIM can make the construction process run smoother. This is a very important article to my research and has a lot of useable content. 2.3Building Information Modeling (BIM) Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges for the AEC Industry.Leadership & Management In Engineering Azhar starts off this article by suggesting that building information modeling (BIM) has potential to reduce project costs and speech as well as add-on productivity. He states the building information model after construction is completed can be used for operation and maintenance. He then lists a number of applications of BIM such as , fabrication/shop drawings, estimating, sequencing and conflict detection. The results of two secondary source surveys says, 82% of BIM users believed that it had a positive impact on the attach tos productivity, 79% of users indicate change project outcomes and less RFIs.He then proceeds to report on 4 case studies illustrating cost and time savings. There are many data tables with contrasting information, in one of them there is an analysis of different projects return on enthronization using BIM. He also states several potential risks and future complications related to BIM. On concluding this article Azhar suggests that the increasing use of BIM will likely enhance quislingism and reduce fragmentation in the industry (Azhar, 2010). I will use this article to help prove that BIM will help with the overall construction process including the start up. I will also use this back up the use of BIM to save money and make a long return.2.4Construction industry goes high-techIn t his magazine article the author Michael Douchette begins by introducing Autodesk which is the accompany that created AutoCAD and BIM. Both are industry radical programs. He states that AutoCAD was a big ill-treat in the drafting works and BIM is quickly finding its way into being the industry standard. A primary source says that all stakeholders are able to interact on a 3D model (referring to BIM). Autodesk is working(a) with institutions to make sure students are deft in the new (BIM) technology. He explains BIM allows designers, architects and engineers to identify deficiencies early in the process. Douchette then explains what Building Information Modelling (BIM) is. He says its not for only buildings or infrastructure.It is available through the whole process of the project from Design through construction. Referring to a chic Market Report he states that more than 70% of non-users think that competitors are using BIM. Everyone within the process will be using BIM. Trade s workers will use a specific layer of the software and be able to make changes in satisfying time. He concludes by stating, the future of construction is BIM (Doucette, 2012). I will use this to help improve my argument that it BIM is an aid to the construction process. This article has a lot of point referring to training new students to use BIM and in turn that proves that it is going to be a major part in the construction process in the near future.